Drug	Mechanism of Action	Heart Rate	Blood Pressure
CA-Amyline®	Modifies Metabolism: Improves Oxygen Efficiency	No* Effect	No* Effect
Beta Blockers	Reduce Pump Function
Calcium Channel Blockers	Dilate Arteries/ Reduce Pump Function
Nitrates	Dilate Arteries  and Veins	No Effect
Mechanisms of Anti-anginal Drugs *Clinical trials conducted to date indicate that CA-Amyline® has no effect on heart rate or blood pressure.  CA-Amyline® has not yet been approved by the FDA and clinical trials are currently underway to confirm this hypothesis

CA-Amyline® is being developed as a
new therapeutic for the potential
treatment of chronic stable angina,
the chest pain associated with
coronary heart disease. Studies to
date indicate that CA-Amyline® may
improve exercise duration without
lowering heart rate or blood
pressure. Clearing Plaque from arteries.

Studies indicate that CA-Amyline®
may cause a partial shift in the source
of energy for the heart from fatty acid
toward glucose, which is a more
oxygen efficient source of energy.

Clinical needs
Angina exists when cardiac work demand exceeds cardiac energy available. Current angina therapies all work by directly lowering cardiac work demand (heart rate and/or blood pressure). Published studies indicate that nearly 1/3 of the estimated 7.2MM US angina patients are inadequately treated with today’s therapies. Often these patients have other conditions, including congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease and diabetes. In addition, many of these patients are treated with multiple medications, all of which lower heart rate and/or blood pressure. These multiple medications can further impair the function of the weakened heart.

CA-Amyline®, with its unique metabolic mechanism of action, potentially
treats angina by increasing the cardiac energy available as the result of a
partial shift from fatty acid to glucose metabolism. Since glucose is a
more efficient energy source, CA-Amyline® may result in more cardiac
energy being produced for a fixed amount of oxygen available. This
profile could make CA-Amyline® especially useful for patients whose heart
function is impaired by heart failure or who require multiple other
anti-anginal drugs.

Development Status
LifeForce  has completed treatment, in 175 patients, of its first pivotal Phase
III clinical trial for CA-Amyline®. The trial is a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of CA-Amyline® used as
monotherapy.

LifeForce  is currently conducting its second pivotal Phase III clinical trial
for CA-Amyline®. The trial is a randomized, double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial of CA-Amyline® used in combination with other
anti-anginal drugs, in approximately 50 patients.

CA-Amyline® has been tested in more than 435 patients in Phase I, II
and III clinical trials in Mexico for the past four years.